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What is the result of the burning of the coal and oil?Ĩ. Forests suffer the effect of acid rain through damage to leaves, through the loss of vital nutrients, and through the increased amounts of toxic metals liberated by acid, which damage roots and soil microorganisms. As acid rain falls or drains into the lake the pH of the lake falls. When it is washed into lakes, aluminum irritates the outer surfaces of many fish. When acid rain falls on the ground it dissolves and liberates heavy metals and aluminum (Al). Although it is invaluable in the atmosphere, low-level ozone causes respiratory problems and also hastens the formation of acid rain. Hydrocarbons emitted by, for example, car exhausts will react in sunlight with nitrogen oxides to produce ozone.
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Acidification increases with the number of active hydrogen (H+) ions dissolved in acid. More ammonium (NH4 ) can be formed when some of the acids are partially neutralized by airborne ammonia (NH3 ). The acids usually dissolve in cloud droplets and may travel great distances before being precipitated as acid rain.Ĭatalysts such as hydrogen peroxide, ozone, and ammonium help promote the formation of acids in clouds. Sulphuric acid (H2 SO4 ) and the nitrogen oxides will become nitric acid (HNO3 ). If they are in the atmosphere for anytime, the gasses will oxidize (gain an oxygen atom) and go into solution as acids. The gasses may be dry deposited–absorbed directly by the land, by lakes or by the surface vegetation. Most sulfur leaves factory chimneys as the gaseous sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) and most nitrogen are also emitted as one of the nitrogen oxides (NO or NO2 ), both of which are gasses. When they burn, they make sulfur dioxide (SO2 ). Certain lakes, for example, have lost all fish and plant life because of acid rain.Īcid rain comes from sulfur in coal and oil. Acid rain may have a pH value as low as 2.8.Īcid rain can severely damage both plant and animal life. Normal rain is slightly acidic, with a pH of 6. Read the following text to answer questions number 5 to 10.Īcid rain is rain that is highly acidic because of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and other air pollutants dissolved in it. We can make use of the ink after being separated from the paper fibres by doing the followings, EXCEPT. Mix the pulp with new wood fibres to be made into paper againĤ. Put the pulp to a large vat to separate the ink from the paper fibresĮ. Screen and filter the pulp to remove smaller contaminantsĭ. Mix the paper with hot water in a blender which turns it into pulpĬ. Collect and search for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminium foilī.
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What is the third step of recycling paper products?Ī. It reduces the demand for high-pollution alternativesģ. It costs much money for the process of recyclingĮ. Which of the following is NOT the benefit of recycling?Ī. The following things can be recycled, EXCEPT.Ģ. One ton of recycled paper saves 17 pulpwood trees (trees used to produce paper). Every ton of paper that is recycled saves about 1.4 cu m (about 50 cu ft) of landfill space. The cleaned pulp is mixed with new wood fibers to be made into paper again.Įxperts estimate the average office worker generates about 5 kg of wastepaper per month.
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The ink is skimmed off, dried and reused as ink or burned as boiler fuel. The pulp then goes to a large vat where the ink separates from the paper fibers and fl oats to the surface. The pulp is screened and filtered to remove smaller contaminants. The paper goes to a processing plant where it is mixed with hot water and turned into pulp in a machine that works much like a big kitchen blender. In newspaper recycling, old newspapers are collected and searched for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminum foil. The most commonly recycled paper product is newsprint. Paper products that can be recycled include cardboard containers, wrapping paper, and office paper. Recycling can also reduce pollution, either by reducing the demand for high-pollution alternatives or by minimizing the amount of pollution produced during the manufacturing process. In general, using recycled materials to make new products costs less and requires less energy than using new materials. The recycling process reclaims the original material and uses it in new products. Materials ranging from precious metals to broken glass, from old newspapers to plastic spoons, can be recycled. Recycling is a collection, processing, and reuse of materials that would otherwise be thrown away.